Page 69 - 82_01

New concepts on the functionality of the nervous system… 67

Proliferation of parenchymal microglia is the main
source of microgliosis after ischaemic stroke. Brain
2013; 136:3578-88.
48. Nimmerjahn A.; Kirchhoff, F.; Helmchen, F. Resting
microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of
brain parenchyma in vivo. Science 2005; 308:1314-8.
49. Colton C, Wilcock DM. Assessing activation states in
microglia. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2010; 9:
174-91.
50. Perry RT, Collins JS, Wiener H, Acton R, Go RC. The
role of TNF and its receptors in Alzheimer's disease.
Neurobiol. Aging 2001; 22:873-83.
51. Han, J.; Ulevitch, R.J. Limiting inflammatory
responses during activation of innate immunity. Nat.
Immunol 2005; 6, 1198-1205.
52. Mosser, D.M. The many faces of macrophage
activation. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 73:209-12.
53. Gordon S. Alternative activation of macrophages. Nat
Rev Immunol 2003; 3:23-35.
54. Martinez FO, Sica A, Mantovani A, Locati M.
Macrophage activation and polarization. Front Biosci
2008; 13: 453-61.
55. Gordon S, Taylor PR. Monocyte and macrophage
heterogeneity. Nat Rev Immunol 2005; 5: 953-64.
56. Glezer I, Simard AR, Rivest S. Neuroprotective role of
the innate immune system by microglia. Neuroscience
2007; 147: 867-83.
57. Chiarini A, Dal Pra I, Menapace L, Pacchiana R,
Whitfield JF, Armato U. Soluble amyloid beta-peptide
and myelin basic protein strongly stimulate, alone and
in synergism with combined proinflammatory
cytokines, the expression of functional nitric oxide
synthase-2 in normal adult human astrocytes. Int J
Mol Med 2008;16:801-7.
58. Chiarini A, Gardenal E, Whitfield JF, Chakravarthy B,
Armato U, Dal Pra I. Preventing the spread of
Alzheimer's disease neuropathology: a role for
calcilytics? Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2015; 16:696-706.
59. Chiarini A, Dal Pra I, Marconi M, Chakravarthy B,
Whitfield JF, Armato U. Calcium-sensing receptor
(CaSR) in human brain's pathophysiology: roles in
late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Curr Pharm
Biotechnol 2009; 10:317-26.
60. Toledano A, Álvarez MI, Toledano-Díaz A.
Envejecimiento cerebral normal y patológico:
continuum fisiopatológico o dualidad de procesos
involutivos. An Real Acad Farm 2014; 80:500-39.

@Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia. Spain