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ANALES?DE?LA?REAL?ACADEMIA?NACIONAL?DE?FARMACIA? Review
ISSN (Online) 1697-4298 analesranf.com
Reactive oxygen species and vascular remodeling in cardiovascular
diseases
Title in Spanish: Especies reactivas de oxígeno y remodelado vascular en enfermedades cardiovasculares
Andrea Aguado1, M. Soledad Avendaño1, Ana M. Briones1, Mercedes Salaices1*
1Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación
Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029, Madrid, Spain
ABSTRACT: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are RESUMEN: Las especies reactivas de oxígeno son
reactive derivatives of OR2OmSeptalbayoliasnmimprpoodrutacnetd by all derivados reactivos del metabolismo del vOa2scpurloadr.ucLidaos
types of vascular cells. role in por todos los tipos celulares a nivel
both physiological and pathological situations by acting especies reactivas de oxígeno juegan un papel
as intracellular signaling molecules which regulate importante en situaciones tanto fisiológicas como
vascular function and structure. Accordingly, oxidative patológicas mediante su actuación como moléculas de
stress is implicated among other processes in señalización intracelular que regulan la función y
inflammation, hypertrophy, migration, growth/apoptosis estructura vascular. De esta manera, el estrés oxidativo
and extracellular matrix protein turnover which are está implicado, entre otros procesos, en la inflamación,
important processes involved in vascular remodeling in hipertrofia, migración, proliferación/apoptosis y
cardiovascular diseases. In the cardiovascular system, reciclaje de proteínas de matriz extracelular, los cuales
the major source of ROS is the NADPH oxidase family son procesos importantes implicados en el remodelado
of enzymes composed by seven members where NOX-1 vascular durante enfermedades cardiovasculares. En el
and NOX-4 are the main isoforms in vascular smooth sistema cardiovascular, la mayor fuente de especies
muscle cells. This review highlights the importance of reactivas de oxígeno es la familia de enzimas NADPH
NOX-derived ROS in vascular biology and focuses on oxidase formadas por siete miembros donde NOX-1 y
the potential role of oxidative stress in vascular NOX-4 son las principales isoformas en células
remodeling. musculares lisas vasculares. Esta revisión destaca la
importancia de las especies reactivas de oxígeno
derivadas de NOX en la biología vascular y se centra en
el papel potencial del estrés oxidativo en el remodelado
vascular.
*Corresponding Author: mercedes.salaices@uam.es An Real Acad Farm Vol. 81, Nº 2 (2015), pp.129-144
Received: May 21, 2015 Accepted: July 5, 2015 Language of Manuscript: English
1. INTRODUCTION transcription factors and cytoskeleton proteins and thus,
they regulate different cellular processes. ROS play an
Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death important physiological role in controlling vascular tone
globally, accounting for more than 30% of deaths which and structure and they can also contribute to pathological
means that 17.5 million people die annually from mechanisms related to endothelial dysfunction, vascular
cardiovascular disease. In Spain, the number of deaths due reactivity, arterial remodeling and vascular inflammation.
to cardiovascular diseases in 2014 was over 129,000 The NADPH oxidases are the main source of ROS in the
people and this number will increase in 2020 reaching cardiovascular system. Seven members have been
142.000 deaths. According to the “Centro de Estudios characterized and depending on the isoform, they are
Económicos y Empresariales” the direct costs of expressed in different cardiovascular cell types and
cardiovascular diseases have been estimated over 5.900 cellular compartments regulating diverse functions such as
million of euros in 2014 and the indirect costs due to proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis,
morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease as well as senescence and inflammatory responses (1-3). For several
absence from work have been estimated over 60 million decades, the role of NADPH oxidase in chronic
euros. granulomatous disease has been known due to the key role
of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils. This concept has been
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential mediators now extended to cardiovascular diseases since strong
of cell physiology. They can modulate the activity of many evidences have demonstrated that NADPH oxidase-
signaling molecules including kinases, phosphatases,
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@Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia. Spain
