Page 46 - 79_03
P. 46

J.	
  C.	
  Rodríguez	
  Rey	
  

	
  

     41. Brown,	
   M.S.,	
   and	
   Goldstein,	
   J.L.	
   1997.	
   The	
   SREBP	
   pathway:	
   regulation	
   of	
   cholesterol	
  
          metabolism	
  by	
  proteolysis	
  of	
  a	
  membrane-­-bound	
  transcription	
  factor.	
  Cell	
  89:331-­-340.	
  

     42. Horton,	
   J.D.,	
   Goldstein,	
   J.L.,	
   and	
   Brown,	
   M.S.	
   2002.	
   SREBPs:	
   activators	
   of	
   the	
   complete	
  
          program	
  of	
  cholesterol	
  and	
  fatty	
  acid	
  synthesis	
  in	
  the	
  liver.	
  J	
  Clin	
  Invest	
  109:1125-­-1131.	
  

     43. Biddinger,	
   S.B.,	
   Hernandez-­-Ono,	
   A.,	
   Rask-­-Madsen,	
   C.,	
   Haas,	
   J.T.,	
   Aleman,	
   J.O.,	
   Suzuki,	
   R.,	
  
          Scapa,	
   E.F.,	
   Agarwal,	
   C.,	
   Carey,	
   M.C.,	
   Stephanopoulos,	
   G.,	
   et	
   al.	
   2008.	
   Hepatic	
   insulin	
  
          resistance	
   is	
   sufficient	
   to	
   produce	
   dyslipidemia	
   and	
   susceptibility	
   to	
   atherosclerosis.	
   Cell	
  
          Metab	
  7:125-­-134.	
  

     44. Michael,	
   M.D.,	
   Kulkarni,	
   R.N.,	
   Postic,	
   C.,	
   Previs,	
   S.F.,	
   Shulman,	
   G.I.,	
   Magnuson,	
   M.A.,	
   and	
  
          Kahn,	
  C.R.	
  2000.	
  Loss	
  of	
  insulin	
  signaling	
  in	
  hepatocytes	
  leads	
  to	
  severe	
  insulin	
  resistance	
  
          and	
  progressive	
  hepatic	
  dysfunction.	
  Mol	
  Cell	
  6:87-­-97.	
  

     45. Shimomura,	
  I.,	
  Matsuda,	
  M.,	
  Hammer,	
  R.E.,	
  Bashmakov,	
  Y.,	
  Brown,	
  M.S.,	
  and	
  Goldstein,	
  J.L.	
  
          2000.	
   Decreased	
   IRS-­-2	
   and	
   increased	
   SREBP-­-1c	
   lead	
   to	
   mixed	
   insulin	
   resistance	
   and	
  
          sensitivity	
  in	
  livers	
  of	
  lipodystrophic	
  and	
  ob/ob	
  mice.	
  Mol	
  Cell	
  6:77-­-86.	
  

     46. Brown,	
  M.S.,	
  and	
  Goldstein,	
  J.L.	
  2008.	
  Selective	
  versus	
  total	
  insulin	
  resistance:	
  a	
  pathogenic	
  
          paradox.	
  Cell	
  Metab	
  7:95-­-96.	
  

     47. Tran,	
  H.,	
  Brunet,	
  A.,	
  Griffith,	
  E.C.,	
  and	
  Greenberg,	
  M.E.	
  2003.	
  The	
  many	
  forks	
  in	
  FOXO's	
  road.	
  
          Sci	
  STKE	
  2003:RE5.	
  

     48. Li,	
  S.,	
  Brown,	
  M.S.,	
  and	
  Goldstein,	
  J.L.	
  2010.	
  Bifurcation	
  of	
  insulin	
  signaling	
  pathway	
  in	
  rat	
  
          liver:	
   mTORC1	
   required	
   for	
   stimulation	
   of	
   lipogenesis,	
   but	
   not	
   inhibition	
   of	
  
          gluconeogenesis.	
  Proc	
  Natl	
  Acad	
  Sci	
  U	
  S	
  A	
  107:3441-­-3446.	
  

     49. Pajvani,	
  U.B.,	
  Qiang,	
  L.,	
  Kangsamaksin,	
  T.,	
  Kitajewski,	
  J.,	
  Ginsberg,	
  H.N.,	
  and	
  Accili,	
  D.	
  2013.	
  
          Inhibition	
   of	
   Notch	
   uncouples	
   Akt	
   activation	
   from	
   hepatic	
   lipid	
   accumulation	
   by	
  
          decreasing	
  mTorc1	
  stability.	
  Nat	
  Med	
  19:1054-­-1060.	
  

     50. Li,	
  Y.,	
  Xu,	
  S.,	
  Mihaylova,	
  M.M.,	
  Zheng,	
  B.,	
  Hou,	
  X.,	
  Jiang,	
  B.,	
  Park,	
  O.,	
  Luo,	
  Z.,	
  Lefai,	
  E.,	
  Shyy,	
  J.Y.,	
  
          et	
   al.	
   2011.	
   AMPK	
   phosphorylates	
   and	
   inhibits	
   SREBP	
   activity	
   to	
   attenuate	
   hepatic	
  
          steatosis	
  and	
  atherosclerosis	
  in	
  diet-­-induced	
  insulin-­-resistant	
  mice.	
  Cell	
  Metab	
  13:376-­-388.	
  

     51. Liu,	
  L.,	
  Zhang,	
  Y.,	
  Chen,	
  N.,	
  Shi,	
  X.,	
  Tsang,	
  B.,	
  and	
  Yu,	
  Y.H.	
  2007.	
  Upregulation	
  of	
  myocellular	
  
          DGAT1	
   augments	
   triglyceride	
   synthesis	
   in	
   skeletal	
   muscle	
   and	
   protects	
   against	
   fat-­-
          induced	
  insulin	
  resistance.	
  J	
  Clin	
  Invest	
  117:1679-­-1689.	
  

     52. Goodpaster,	
   B.H.,	
   He,	
   J.,	
   Watkins,	
   S.,	
   and	
   Kelley,	
   D.E.	
   2001.	
   Skeletal	
   muscle	
   lipid	
   content	
  
          and	
   insulin	
   resistance:	
   evidence	
   for	
   a	
   paradox	
   in	
   endurance-­-trained	
   athletes.	
   J	
   Clin	
  
          Endocrinol	
  Metab	
  86:5755-­-5761.	
  

     53. Samuel,	
  V.T.,	
  and	
  Shulman,	
  G.I.	
  2012.	
  Mechanisms	
  for	
  insulin	
  resistance:	
  common	
  threads	
  
          and	
  missing	
  links.	
  Cell	
  148:852-­-871.	
  

     54. Holland,	
   W.L.,	
   Brozinick,	
   J.T.,	
   Wang,	
   L.P.,	
   Hawkins,	
   E.D.,	
   Sargent,	
   K.M.,	
   Liu,	
   Y.,	
   Narra,	
   K.,	
  
          Hoehn,	
   K.L.,	
   Knotts,	
   T.A.,	
   Siesky,	
   A.,	
   et	
   al.	
   2007.	
   Inhibition	
   of	
   ceramide	
   synthesis	
  
          ameliorates	
   glucocorticoid-­-,	
   saturated-­-fat-­-,	
   and	
   obesity-­-induced	
   insulin	
   resistance.	
   Cell	
  
          Metab	
  5:167-­-179.	
  

     55. Haring,	
   H.,	
   Kirsch,	
   D.,	
   Obermaier,	
   B.,	
   Ermel,	
   B.,	
   and	
   Machicao,	
   F.	
   1986.	
   Tumor-­-promoting	
  
          phorbol	
  esters	
  increase	
  the	
  Km	
  of	
  the	
  ATP-­-binding	
  site	
  of	
  the	
  insulin	
  receptor	
  kinase	
  from	
  
          rat	
  adipocytes.	
  J	
  Biol	
  Chem	
  261:3869-­-3875.	
  

     56. Avignon,	
  A.,	
  Yamada,	
  K.,	
  Zhou,	
  X.,	
  Spencer,	
  B.,	
  Cardona,	
  O.,	
  Saba-­-Siddique,	
  S.,	
  Galloway,	
  L.,	
  
          Standaert,	
   M.L.,	
   and	
   Farese,	
   R.V.	
   1996.	
   Chronic	
   activation	
   of	
   protein	
   kinase	
   C	
   in	
   soleus	
  
          muscles	
   and	
   other	
   tissues	
   of	
   insulin-­-resistant	
   type	
   II	
   diabetic	
   Goto-­-Kakizaki	
   (GK),	
  
          obese/aged,	
   and	
   obese/Zucker	
   rats.	
   A	
   mechanism	
   for	
   inhibiting	
   glycogen	
   synthesis.	
  
          Diabetes	
  45:1396-­-1404.	
  

     57. Griffin,	
  M.E.,	
  Marcucci,	
  M.J.,	
  Cline,	
  G.W.,	
  Bell,	
  K.,	
  Barucci,	
  N.,	
  Lee,	
  D.,	
  Goodyear,	
  L.J.,	
  Kraegen,	
  
          E.W.,	
   White,	
   M.F.,	
   and	
   Shulman,	
   G.I.	
   1999.	
   Free	
   fatty	
   acid-­-induced	
   insulin	
   resistance	
   is	
  
          associated	
  with	
  activation	
  of	
  protein	
  kinase	
  C	
  theta	
  and	
  alterations	
  in	
  the	
  insulin	
  signaling	
  
          cascade.	
  Diabetes	
  48:1270-­-1274.	
  

                                                                                                                            	
   431	
  

	
  
   41   42   43   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51