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MARIANO ESTEBAN RODRÍGUEZ ANAL. REAL ACAD. NAC. FARM.

y CD8+ y células memoria específicas, para inactivar al virus circulante y destruir
a las células infectadas.

Palabras clave: vacunas VIH/SIDA, progreso, vectores de poxvirus, MVA y
NYVAC.

SUMMARY

Development of vaccines against HIV/AIDS

The pandemic caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) continues
unabated worldwide, with about 40 million people infected, 14.000 new infections
daily and with more than 22 million deaths since it first appeared. While the
combined antiretroviral therapy has been shown to control the disease, however,
it is difficult to get implemented in the poor countries and, moreover, the high rate
of virus mutation dictates that the only way to control and eliminate the disease
will be through the use of an effective vaccine. To reach this goal, it requires a
global effort to enhance collaborations and increase R&D funding on HIV vacci-
nes. Although there has been progress in the development of new vaccine candi-
dates, however, not a single candidate has shown protective efficacy in clinical
trials. In this revision, we analyzed initiatives, potential to accelerate development
of new vaccines, relevant aspects on HIV biology, and current HIV vaccines in
clinical trials. We will also evaluate the potential of two of the poxvirus vectors
(MVA and NYVAC) as vaccine candidates, particularly for subtypes B and C, the
most prevalent HIV strains worldwide, and the information we have obtained
through preclinical studies and clinical trials with these vectors. The goal is to
generate a vaccine capable of triggering high titer of neutralizing antibodies against
the different HIV subtypes and variants, as well as to induce specific CD4+ and
CD8+ T lymphocytes and memory cells in order to eliminate the circulating virus
and destroy the HIV infected cell populations.

Key words: HIV/AIDS vaccines, progress, poxvirus vectors, MVA and NYVAC.

ANTECEDENTES

En 2006, más de 5 millones de personas contrajeron la infección
por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), lo que supone
la mayor cifra de nuevas infecciones registrada en un solo año desde
el principio de la epidemia hace más de dos décadas. Al menos 40
millones de personas han contraído la infección por VIH hasta la
fecha y se calcula que cada día se producen unas 14.000 nuevas
infecciones, o lo que es lo mismo unas 600 cada hora. El SIDA ha
causado mas de 22 millones de defunciones y la epidemia global no

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