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1. INTRODUCTION
Although antibiotics probably saved more lives than any
other type of medication in the course of human history, bacterial
infections remain a leading cause of death, and the options for tre-
ating these infections are decreasing, due to the increase in Antibiotic
resistant bacteria. In fact, several bacterial strains are currently re-
sistant to virtually all known antibiotics. Like carbapenems, cepha-
losporins, macrolides and penicillins (1). Due to the resistance
problems and the low development of new antibiotics, the door is
opened for further research and their development (2).
Commonly used medicinal plants of could be an excellent
source of drugs to fight off this problem (3).
The genus Tagetes belongs to the Asteraceae family (tribe
Tageteae) and consists of approximately 40-50 species. Is an aro-
matic herb distributed naturally from Mexico to Honduras, at ele-
vations between 1000 and 2000 m. It has sessile, glabrous,
oblong-lanceolate and opposite leaves (5-10 cm long) with yellow
terminal flowers (4).
Tagetes lucida is a native aromatic plant that was and re-
mains being one of the most important ritual plants used frequently
in Mexico. Its common names include “pericon”. It is a common weed
and not of conservation concern. Pharmacological studies of T. lucida
aerial parts or flowers have reported, insecticidal, cytotoxic, antio-
xidant and antidepressant-like effects, however, anxiolytic, sedative
or anticonvulsant effects have not yet been studied (5). Tagetes lucida
has a rich history. It is a medicinal herb that has historically been
used to treat many different ailments, such as malaria, dysentery,
asthma, diarrhea, fever, and tumors (6)
A study by Guillermo and collaborators in 2006 shows that
the plant has important effects as an antibacterial, proving its activity
with the following bacteria; against the Gram-negative bacteria, Es-
cherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans,
Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi , Salmo-
nella spp., Shigella spp. Shigella boydii, Yersinia enterocholitica,
Vibrio cholerae [all strains correspond to biotype El-tor] and Gram-
positive bacteria, Bacillus Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus and
Staphylococcus epidermidis (7)
Members of the genus Shigella are gram-negative facul-
tative anaerobes that belong to the family, Enterobacteriaceae. They
share common characteristics with members of the genus, Escherichia
and the genetic relatedness clearly suggests that they are a subtype
of E. coli. The genus is divided into four species, Shigella flexneri,
Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei and Shigella dysenteriae (8). These
species have further distributed into different serotypes based on
biochemical differences and O-antigenic variability located on the
Proposal of a computational model for the study of
114 the selectivity of allosteric inhibitors of PTP1B
Javier García Marín
An Real Acad Farm Vol. 86. Nº 2 (2020) · pp. 00 -00
ANALES
RANF
www.analesranf.com
lipopolysaccharides membrane. Each species with the exception of
S. sonnei comprises multiple serotypes among which the most pre-
valent serogroup S. flexneri are counting more than 19 serotypes
(9). Causing bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in humans with esti-
mated annual episodes of 160 million and 1.1 million deaths, most
of which are children under 5 years old in developing countries. Shi-
gella are highly invasive in the colon and the rectum, and are able
to proliferate in the host cell cytoplasm, triggering an inflammatory
reaction. The clinical manifestations of Shigella infection vary from
short-lasting watery diarrhea to acute inflammatory bowel disease
characterized by fever, intestinal cramp and bloody diarrhea with
mucopurulent feces (10). Diarrhoea caused by Shigella species is a
major public health problem in developing countries because many
cases are caused by drug-resistant Shigella (11).
Salmonella is an enteric bacterial pathogen and a major
pathogenic bacterium that causes food poisoning. Its routes of in-
fection include contaminated foods and water. Salmonella is a gram-
negative bacillus, causes paratyphoid fever, hematosepsis and
gastroenteritis as food poisoning pathogens and these pathogens
often resist antibiotics such as tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfame-
thoxazole and streptomycin. Salmonella has been known to have
about 2,500 serotypes, including the most frequently found typhi
and typhimurium (12). Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi.
Typhoid fever is characterized by diffuse enterocolitis associated with
hypertrophy, then necrosis of intestinal and mesenteric lymphoid
tissue. Haemorrhage is caused by erosion of a blood vessel (presu-
mably as a result of necrosis of venules and capillaries) by the ulce-
rating process (13).
2. METHODS
2.1 Preparation of the extract of Tagetes lucida
The collection of Tagetes lucida was carried out in the town
of San Martín Coapaxtongo located in the Municipality of Tenan-
cingo, Mexico, this population is located at an altitude of 2200 meters
above sea level. In the month of October.
The leaves and flowers were separated from the stem to
obtain a weight of 50,604 g, which were added in 500 ml of hexane
without prior use. The Tagetes lucida-hexane mixture is macerated
for 168 hours at room temperature in an amber container to avoid
contact with sunlight and artificial light.
Subsequently, the mash was filtered with a sieve to remove
large remains of Tagetes and also with filter paper to remove the
residue of flowers and small leaves.
Once hexane was free of Tagetes flowers and leaves, it was
transferred to a new amber bottle. Thus obtaining 500ml of extract.