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culinarypreparationstofoodclassificationformixeddishesthatweredemonstratedorthoughttobehomemadeduetolackofdetailedinformationDespitethehomogeneityintheclassificationoffoodsaccordingtothedegreeofprocessingtheoperationalizationof theexposure variedamong the studiedpublications twodifferentmethods forassessing theexposure toUPFs were foundin this studyfood frequencyquestionnairesand the 24-hourrecallusedin 4(16-1821)and4(15192022)studiesrespectively.Given that thereareother variables thatpredispose to thedevelopmentofcVDthisaddsanotherlayerofcomplexitytothechallengeofdeterminingtherelationshipbetweenUPFsandcVDWhileitwouldbeinterestingtoanalyzethesefactorstoseeiftheyimpactontheUPFsandcVDrelationitisoutsidethescopeofthisstudyduetotimeconstraintstable1lists thestudies thathavebeenusedin thisreviewandtheirmaincharacteristicsclassifiedbytypeofstudy.342ANALESRANFwwwanalesranfcomConsumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y enfermedad cardiovascular unarevisión sistemáticaAmeliaMartidelMoral ySofíaAimiArrúeIshiyamaAnRealAcadFarmVol87Nº3(2021)·pp339-3504DISCUSSIONAfter thereviewof thescientificliteratureitcanbeaffirmedthatconsumptionofUPFsanditsrelationtocardiovascularriskisanew topic whichcontinues tobeinvestigated thisreviewidentified10articles studying theeffect thatconsumptionofUPFexertsoncVDDifferenceinresultsmaybedue to thedifferentstudycharacteristicsandfactorssuchasthenumberofparticipantsthefollow-uptimethecountry,geneticslifestyleofparticipantsetcInordertoanalyzethetopiccriticallyindepth theobtainedresults willbestudiedseparatelyin the followingcategoriesoverallcVDcoronaryheartdiseasecerebrovasculardiseasecardiovascularmortalityandclusterofdiseases(aspredisposingfactorstothedevelopmentofcVD)IntheFrenchnutrinet-santécohort(15)a10%increaseintheintakeofUPFswasfoundtosignificantlyincreasetheincidenceofcVDby12%specifically,a100g/dayincreaseinconsumptionofultra-processed softdrinks was found tobeassociated withanincreasedFigure1FlowdiagramoftheselectionofarticlesrelatedtotheconsumptionofUPFandCVDrisk