Page 138 - 80_03

Pharmacists
in
German
Cultural
History

Provisor’)
are
of
importance.
In
other
pictures
‘Stork
Pharmacies’
(‘Storchen-­-
Apotheken’)
occur.
Spitzweg
was
capable
of
establishing
the
pharmacist
as
a

prominent
motif
in
the
Biedermeier
period
(21).

PHARMACISTS
AS
MUSICIANS

There
is
no
direct
link
between
pharmacy
and
music:
Being
a
pharmacist

does
not
require
particular
musical
skills.
However,
we
know
several
pharmacists

making
music.
One
of
the
pharmacists,
scientifically
recognized
in
the
early
18th

century
already,
was
Caspar
Neumann
(1683–1737)
from
Berlin,
the
son
of
a

musician
and
interested
in
music
since
early
childhood.
He
was
said
to
have
made

music
together
with
King
Frederic
I
of
Prussia
when
Neumann
was
working
as
an

assistant
in
the
‘Court
Pharmacy’
(‘Hof-­-Apotheke’)
in
Berlin.
It
was
reported
that

Neumann
played
the
harpsichord
while
the
king
sang
chorals.
It
was
also
because

of
his
musical
talent
that
the
king
promoted
Neumann.
He
approved
of
Neumann’s

educational
journeys
to
various
court
pharmacies
in
1711
and
to
Hermann

Boerhaave
(1668–1738)
in
Leiden
as
well
as
to
Utrecht,
Amsterdam
and
London,

where
he
could
extend
his
chemical-­-pharmaceutical
knowledge
considerably.
In

1719,
Neumann
took
over
the
‘Court
Pharmacy’.
Since
1725,
first-­-class
pharmacists

received
a
chemical
training
and
lectures
by
Neumann
there,
so
that
they
count
as

the
first
scientifically
skilled
pharmacists
in
Prussia,
alongside
second-­-class

pharmacists
who
just
received
a
practical
manual
training.
Neumann
was
the

author
of
some
chemical-­-pharmaceutical
writings,
dealing
with
botanic
analyses
in

particular.
He
examined
thymol,
ambergris,
benzoic
acid,
cinnamic
acid
as
well
as

tea,
wine,
coffee
and
beer
(22).

Some
pharmacists
made
music
as
a
hobby,
for
instance
Hermann
Schelenz

(1848–1922),
the
‘father
of
the
history
of
pharmacy’
who
played
the
cello.
Others

dedicated
themselves
to
musical
compositions
beside
their
pharmaceutical

activities,
for
instance
Eduard
Lucerna
(1869–1944),
who
was
born
in
Klagenfurt,

studied
pharmacy
in
Graz
and
managed
the
pharmacy
in
Gries
since
1900.
He

composed
the
opera
‘Zlatorog’,
ten
symphonies,
chamber
music
and
songs.
In
the

last
years
of
his
life
he
was
committed
to
compositions
exclusively
(22).

A
song
which
became
extremely
popular
in
Germany
was
‘Hoch
auf

demgelben
Wagen’
(‘High
on
the
Yellow
Carriage’)
which
was
composed
by
the

pharmacist
Heinz
Höhne
(1892–1968)
from
Berlin.
He
was
born
in
Pasewalk,

started
his
apprenticeship
in
Graudenz
in
1912
and
continued
in
Putbus
on
the

island
of
Rügen
and
in
Magdeburg.
He
had
to
interrupt
his
training
during
World

War
I.
and
finished
it
in
1920.
Afterwards,
he
studied
pharmacy
in
Berlin
and

worked
in
the
‘Eagle
Pharmacy’
(‘Adler-­-Apotheke’)
in
Berlin-­-Pankow
from
1923

on,
which
he
bought
in
1936.
After
its
socialisation
in
1946
Höhne
was
an

employee
in
a
pharmacy
in
Zepernick.
He
retired
in
1965.
He
composed
his
first

611