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functionalized with gold nanoparticles and alginate-coated goldnanoparticles. These scaffolds were implanted in vivo to attest thebiocompability of the materials and the ability of these structures tomodulate the inflammation and immune response. The results of this studydemonstrated that while the scaffolds exhibited a characteristic foreignbody response, this was solved in some days. Besides that, it was observedthat the functionalization of the nanoparticles decreased markersassociated with cell death by apoptosis and polymorphonuclear leukocyterecruitment. Also, they were able to observe the increase of alpha smoothmuscle actin (%u03b1-SMA), indicating angiogenic properties of the implantedscaffolds. The enhanced biocompatibility and angiogenic properties of thesescaffolds functionalized with nanoparticles imply possible uses in tissueengineering, which may be pertinent for cancer treatment approachesinvolving tissue regeneration or targeted drug delivery. In another study, adifferent approach was explored, using 3D printed hydrogel-based scaffoldsand surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensing and imaging of3D breast cancer models. In brief, plasmonic nanoparticles were integratedin the scaffolds, for SERS biosensing, and after the bioprinting breast cancerspheroids were included in the scaffolds. The results demonstrated theadaptability and modularity of the scaffolds in supporting breast cancerspheroids. In general, this approach offers the possibility to discover newinsights into cancer biology and drug responses.4.3. Dynamic flow systemsIn the last decade, microfluidic technologies, often abbreviated to lab-ona-chip technology, emerged as an innovative approach that could solveseveral limitations of the current models enabling to recapitulate thedynamic environment sense in vivo. This technology presents a number ofintriguing features, such as small size, adaptability, skill in working withsmall fluid volumes, and support for a variety of analytical methods. Oneevident benefit of bioengineered microfluidic devices is their ability toenhance the delivery efficiency of anticancer medications under a flowbased 3D TME, create drug concentration gradients, and assess NP doseresponse. By offering dynamic, regulated settings that more nearlyresemble in vivo conditions, these devices offer more precise and effectiveassessment of treatments based on nanoparticles.Microfluidic devices for cancer modeling can be configured with one, two,or more compartments, including different cells or constituents in thecompartmentalized chambers. In a recent study, the researchers usedsingle-channel and double-channel configurations of microfluidic chips torecapitulate the spatial organization of glioblastoma tumors and to explore116Potential of 3D tumor models for nanotherapies pre-clinical screeningVitor M. Gaspar1, Jo%u00e3o F. Mano, et al.