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84ANALESRANFwww.analesranf.comControl of risk factors in postmenopausal womenSaioa UgidosAn. R. Acad. Farm.Vol. 91. n%u00ba1 (2025) %u00b7 pp. 83-108KEYWORDS PostmenopauseCardiovascularriskCommunitypharmacyProfessionalpharmaceuticalcare service1. INTRODUCCI%u00d3NLa menopausia es una etapa importante en lavida de las mujeres, que produce cambiosf%u00edsicos como sociales. Lo habitual es que lasmujeres experimenten la menopausia naturalentre los 45 y los 55 a%u00f1os (1). Algunas mujeresla experimentan antes de los 40 a%u00f1os(insuficiencia ov%u00e1rica prematura) o m%u00e1s tardede los 55 a%u00f1os (menopausia tard%u00eda) (1,2).Seg%u00fan el Instituto Nacional de Estad%u00edstica(INE), en Espa%u00f1a la esperanza de vida mediade la mujer en 2022 era de 85,9 a%u00f1os (3). Lamenopausia es un proceso de envejecimientoy un momento importante, ya que se producecuando a%u00fan resta un tercio de la vida de lamujer.Se considera que una mujer se encuentra enmenopausia cuando durante un a%u00f1o no se havuelto a tener ning%u00fan periodo menstrual,aunque los cambios fisiol%u00f3gicos y los s%u00edntomaspueden empezar antes y durante laperimenopausia. Finalmente, la mujer entrar%u00e1en la postmenopausia, que durar%u00e1 hasta sufallecimiento (2,4).El per%u00edodo de disminuci%u00f3n de la funci%u00f3nov%u00e1rica se denomina perimenopausia y secaracteriza por aumentos en la hormonafol%u00edculo estimulante (FSH) debido a la falta defol%u00edculos y retroalimentaci%u00f3n negativa de losovarios (5,6). A ra%u00edz de que la actividadov%u00e1rica disminuye, la producci%u00f3n de estradioly progesterona cesa. En la menopausia, losniveles de estr%u00f3genos y progest%u00e1genosdisminuyen considerablemente. Los niveles deestradiol se reducen b%u00e1sicamente igualandolos niveles de los hombres (7). Los nivelesend%u00f3genos de andr%u00f3genos fluct%u00faan en lamenopausia, aumentando en algunas mujeresdurante la transici%u00f3n de la menopausia, ydisminuyendo despu%u00e9s (6, 7) (Figura 1).Otras causas de la menopausia son lahisterectom%u00eda m%u00e1s doble anexectom%u00eda,quimioterapia o radioterapia y la insuficienciaov%u00e1rica prematura (8).ABSTRACTObjectives: 1) Design a professional pharmaceutical care service for theprevention of the risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal womenthrough the control of cardiovascular risk factors from the community pharmacy.2) Analyze the contribution of this study to the achievement of SustainableDevelopment Goals 3 %u2018Good Health and well-being%u2019, Sustainable DevelopmentGoals 5 %u2018Gender equality%u2019, Sustainable Development Goals 10 %u2018Reducedinequalities%u2019 and Sustainable Development Goals 17 %u2018Partnerships for the goals%u2019.Method: Identify, classify and analyze data about menopause, the risk ofcardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors and professionalpharmaceutical care service from different clinical practice guidelines,databases, institutional websites and scientific societies.Results: Modifiable, non-modifiable and women-specific cardiovascular riskfactors were identified. SPFA have been selected to which to referpostmenopausal women according to the needs detected by the pharmacists. Thenewly designed professional pharmaceutical care service includes objectives,patient selection procedure, cardiovascular risk calculation, health education,action algorithm, and process and outcome evaluation indicators.Conclusion: A new professional pharmaceutical care service has been designedfor the prevention of the risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal womento allow the community pharmacy to offer individualized, specialized andprotocolized pharmaceutical care for: 1) early detection, 2) control ofcardiovascular risk factors in this population, and 3) intervene on modifiablecardiovascular risk factors. This new professional pharmaceutical care servicewill result on health outcomes improvement and better quality of life for women.