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VOL. 70 (4), 961-999, 2004 VANADIUM - AN ELEMENT BOTH ESSENTIAL AND TOXIC

TABLE 13. Vanadium intake of adult Germans and Mexicans with mixed and
ovo-lacto-vegetarian diets depending on time and sex (µg/day)

Form Country (n; n)8) Women Men p2) %1)
of diet sx x4) s3)
G5 1988 (196;196) < 0.001 204
Mixed G 1992 (294;294) 8.3 9.3 19 16 < 0.001 144
(Md) G 1996 (217;217) 3.3 25 36 3.0 < 0.001 300
M6 1996 (98;98) 15 11 33 35 > 0.05 100
Veg.7 11 20 20 14
1996 (70;70) > 0.05 78
% 103 49 39 34
G 1988;1996 –
G:M 1996 118 174
Md:Veg. 1996 182 61
445 118

1 Women = 100%, men x %; 2 p = significance level of the t-test according to
Student; 3 s = standard deviation; 4 x = arithmetic mean; 5 G = Germany; 6 M = Mexico;
7 Veg. = ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet; 8 n = number.

The vanadium intake shows no normal distribution between the
two sexes (Figure 1). Nearly 40% of the men took in portions with
low amounts of vanadium (< 10 µg/day), while the portions taken in
by 13% of the men had very high vanadium contents (> 88 µg/day),
due to their high consumption of beer (> 2 L/day).

Vanadium intake [µg/d]
FIGURE 1. Frequency distribution of vanadium intake of men.

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