Page 160 - 80_01

Basilio
Colligris,
Jesús
Pintor

proliferation
as
well
as
cytokine
production
of
activated
CD4+
T-­-cells
in
a
similar

manner
to
dexamethasone
(25).
The
compound
passed
successfully
from
Phase
III

clinical
trials
(ClinicalTrials.gov
Identifier:
NCT00471419)
in
May
2007
and
now
is

marketed
as
a
1%
eye
drop
suspension
under
the
trade
name
Vexol
by
Alcon

Laboratories
(26).

LX214/VOCLOSPORIN

LX214-­-voclosporin
(Figure
3)
is
an
immunosuppressant
drug
developed
by

Isotechnika
and
Lux
Biosciences.
Voclosporin
is
a
calcineurin
inhibitor,
analog
of

cyclosporin
with
enhanced
action
against
calcineurin
and
a
greater
metabolic

stability.
It
is
already
used
as
a
treatment
of
various
forms
of
non-­-infectious
uveitis

(27).
The
two
companies
are
evaluating
voclosporin
ophthalmic
solution
as
a

treatment
for
dry
eye
disease
in
a
Phase
I
clinical
trial
(ClinicalTrials.gov
Identifier:

NCT00851734),
but
did
not
publish
results
over
its
efficacy
(28).

TOFACITINIB

Pfizer
Inc.
developed
a
JAK
inhibitor
called
Tofacitinib
(formerly
CP-­-690550

-­-
Tasocitinib)
(Figure
4)
capable
to
interfere
the
JAK-­-STAT
signaling
pathway,

which
transmits
extracellular
information
into
the
cell
nucleus,
influencing
DNA

transcription
(29).
The
company
concluded
phase
I/II
trials
(ClinicalTrials.gov

Identifier:
NCT00784719)
in
patients
for
various
disorders
including
dry
eye

disease.
The
trials
demonstrated
improvement
in
the
signs
and
symptoms
on
dry

eye
patients
and
the
use
of
the
drug
was
well
tolerated
and
without
severe
side

effects
(30).
Huang
and
colleagues
conducted
a
study
to
82
patients
with
moderate

to
severe
dry
eye
disease,
treated
for
eight
weeks
with
0.0001%
to
0.005%

tofacitinib
once
or
twice
daily.
The
patients
showed
reduction
in
conjunctival
cell

surface
HLA-­-DR
expression,
tear
levels
of
pro-­-inflammatory
cytokines
and

inflammation
markers.
The
markers
in
tears
included
MMP-­-9,
IL-­-15,
IL-­-17A,
and

IL-­-12p70
(31).

NUTRILARM®-­-OMEGA-­-3
AND
OMEGA
6
FATTY
ACIDS-­-T1675

Omega-­-3
and
omega-­-6
essential
fatty
acids
(EFA)
are
the
origin
of
a
family

of
compounds
called
eicosanoids.
Eicosanoids
are
signaling
molecules
produced
by

the
oxidation
of
20-­-carbon
fatty
acids
and
they
are
mediators
of
various

inflammatory
processes.
In
general,
the
omega-­-3
derived
compounds,
systemic

156