Page 205 - 70_04

VOL. 70 (4), 961-999, 2004 VANADIUM - AN ELEMENT BOTH ESSENTIAL AND TOXIC

TABLE 20. Vanadium concentrations in the fodder, or vanadium doses, that
inhibit health and/or performance

Animal Vanadium Effects Literature
species concentration in the

fodder with 88 %
dry mass (mg/kg) or

vanadium dose
(mg/kg live mass)

Cattle Starting at 10 mg/kg Diarrhoea, 99, 47
Sheep live mass Weakness
(53, 54,
Starting at 200 mg/kg Reduced fodder intake and 55, 56)
fodder reduction of the development
of live mass
Above 200 mg/kg
fodder Diarrhoea, histopathologic
changes of the organs
Above 300 mg/kg
fodder Increased mortality

40 mg/kg live mass Acute intoxication, lethal
effect
Fowl, above 20 mg/kg (18, 112,
laying fodder Damage of the skeletal sys- 120, 124)
hen tem, fewer eggs, fewer hat-
above 5 mg/kg chlings, increased mortality
Broiler fodder
Reduction in the development
of live-mass

The no-observed-effect level of the reproductive toxicity of vana-
dium in male mice was 40 mg/kg/day (79). 5, 10 and 20 mg V/kg/day
given to adults rats do not influence their reproduction performance,
but produced toxic effects in the offspring (39). A high vanadium
intake decreases the water and food intake of rats and lowers their
body weight. Changes in erythrocyte indices probably result from
direct action of vanadium (134). Vanadium-induced morphological
changes in the kidney were more pronounced with age (36).

The addition of 200 mg Cu/kg feed or 0.5 to 2.0% sodium chlo-
ride lessened the growth-retarding effect of vanadium in chicken
(60, 61).

989