Page 73 - 68_02
P. 73
R. CONEJO Y M. LORENZO ANAL. REAL ACAD. NAC. FARM
(37) CUENDA, A. AND COHEN, P. (1999) Stress-activated protein kinase-2/p38 and a
rapamycin-sensitive pathway are required for C2C12 myogenesis. J. Biol. Chem.
274:4341-4346.
(38) FLORINI, J.R., EWTON, D.Z. AND MAGRI, K.A. (1991) Hormones, growth factors,
and myogenic differentiation. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 53:201-216.
(39) OLSON, E.N. (1992) Interplay between proliferation and differentiation within the
myogenic lineage. Dev. Biol. 154:261-272.
(40) ALEMA, S. AND TATO, F. (1994) Oncogenes and muscle differentiation: multiple
mechanisms of interference. Semin. Cancer Biol. 5:147-156.
(41) CAMPBELL, S.L., KHOSRAVI-FAR, R., ROSSMAN, K.L., CLARK, G.J. AND DER, C.J.
(1998) Increasing complexity of Ras signaling. Oncogene 17:1395-1413.
(42) RAMOCKI, M.B., JOHNSON, S.E., WHITE, M.A., ASHENDEL, C.L., KONIECZNY, S.F.
AND TAPAROWSKY, E.J. (1997) Signaling through mitogen-activated protein
kinase and Rac/Rho does not duplicate the effects of activated Ras on skeletal
myogenesis. Mol. Cell Biol. 17:3547-3555.
(43) RAMOCKI, M.B., WHITE, M.A., KONIECZNY, S.F. AND TAPAROWSKY, E.J. (1998)
A role for RalGDS and a novel Ras effector in the Ras-mediated inhibition of
skeletal myogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 273:17696-17701.
(44) JIANG, B.H., AOKI, M., ZHENG, J.Z., LI, J. AND VOGT, P.K. (1999) Myogenic sig-
naling of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase requires the serine-threonine kinase
Akt/protein kinase B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:2077-2081.
(45) LOWE, D.G., CAPON, D.J., DELWART, E., SAKAGUCHI, A.Y., NAYLOR, S.L. AND
GOEDDEL, D.V. (1987) Structure of the human and murine R-ras genes, novel
genes closely related to ras proto-oncogenes. Cell 48:137-146.
(46) SUZUKI, J., KAZIRO, Y. AND KOIDE, H. (2000) Positive regulation of skeletal my-
ogenesis by R-Ras. Oncogene 19:1138-1146.
(47) CONEJO, R., DE ALVARO,C., BENITO, M., CUADRADO, A. AND LORENZO, M.
(2002) Insulin restores differentiation of Ras-transformed C2C12 myoblasts by
induction of NF-kappaB though an AKT/P70S6K/P38-MAPK pathway. Onco-
gene “in press”.
(48) MADRID, L.V., MAYO, M.W., REUTHER, J.Y. AND BALDWIN, A.S. (2001) Akt
stimulates the transactivation potential of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-{kappa}B
through utilization of the I{kappa}B kinase and activation of the mitogen acti-
vated protein kinase p38. J. Biol. Chem. 276:18934-18940.
114
